04 / Hydroelectric generation

THE POWER OF WATER.

Hydropower converts the potential and kinetic energy of water into electricity, with project design shaped by available head, flow, geography and environmental obligations.

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DESAM / HYDRO

The fundamentals

Where elevation meets flow.

Water directed through a turbine transfers energy to a rotating shaft connected to a generator. Power depends on the volume of water passing through the system, the effective head and equipment efficiency. Reservoir, run-of-river and pumped-storage schemes serve different purposes.

Hydropower configurations

Different water systems. Different roles.

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Run-of-river

Uses natural river flows with limited storage; output often follows seasonal hydrology.

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Reservoir hydropower

Stored water can provide dispatch flexibility, subject to water availability and operating constraints.

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Pumped-storage hydro

Moves water between reservoirs at different elevations to store and later recover electrical energy.

Beyond the horizon

ENGINEERING WITH
NATURE IN MIND.

Hydropower planning must consider river ecology, sediment, environmental flows, community needs and water-use rights alongside technical feasibility.

Planning framework

From river basin to powerhouse.

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Hydrology

Examine flow-duration curves, rainfall, catchment behaviour and flood conditions.

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Civil design

Assess intakes, dams where relevant, waterways, penstocks and powerhouse siting.

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Electromechanical

Match turbine types and generators to head, flow and operating range.

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Stewardship

Plan environmental flows, sediment management, monitoring and long-term safety.

Turbine technology

Matching equipment to water conditions.

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Pelton

Impulse turbines are commonly associated with high-head, lower-flow applications.